CHRONIC TOXICITY EXTRACTION OF AFRICAN MESQUITE TREE PART EXTRACT IN RAT
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ABSTRACT
This study investigated the chronic toxicity of African Mesquite tree (Prosopis africana) extracts in Wistar rats, focusing on biochemical, hematological, and histopathological effects. The extracts were administered at doses of 100 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, and 600 mg/kg over a 90-day period. Biochemical analyses indicated significant dose-dependent increases in liver function markers (ALT, AST, ALP, and bilirubin) and kidney function markers (urea and creatinine), suggesting hepatocellular injury and nephrotoxicity. Hematological findings showed reductions in hemoglobin, red blood cells, platelets, and hematocrit levels at higher doses, indicating potential hematotoxic effects. Histopathological examinations corroborated these results, revealing extensive necrosis and fibrosis in liver and kidney tissues, as well as damage in heart, lungs, and spleen at the highest dose. Comparisons with control groups highlighted significant deviations in treated groups, with statistical analysis confirming the significance of these changes (p<0.05). The findings underscore the potential risks associated with high doses of African Mesquite tree extracts, necessitating cautious use in traditional medicine. This study contributes to the growing body of evidence on the safety profiles of herbal remedies and highlights the need for stringent regulation and monitoring of their use. Future research should focus on long-term toxicity, identification of specific bioactive compounds, and clinical studies in humans to establish safe dosage guidelines. Public awareness campaigns, healthcare provider training, and robust regulatory frameworks are recommended to ensure the safe use of herbal medicines.
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